2018 Women's Youth U18 WCh (Poland)

[Wbk]

The playing dates are 7 to 19 August 2018. The hosting city is Kielce.

Players of generation born in 2000-2001 and younger are involved, the minimum age of 15 years is required at the same time.

[Wbk]

Update on already qualified teams, after the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships ended in Jakarta (INA) today.


List of already qualified teams (17 out of 24):

Poland (qualified as: Organiser)

Russia (qualified as: Top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Germany (Top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Denmark (Top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Hungary (Top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Romania (Top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
France (Top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Norway (Top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Spain (Top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Sweden (Top10 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Netherlands (Top10 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Montenegro (11th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])

South Korea (qualified as: Winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
Japan (Runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
China (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
Kazakhstan (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
Uzbekistan (5th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)


Road for remaining (7) teams to qualify:

>> 1 team: winner of the 2017-2018 Women's Youth U17-U18 Oceania Championships. Most likely 0 teams register for this event, so it won't take place. Therefore, the spot should be given to the top ranked continent at the last Women's Youth U18 WCh (held in 2016), which is Europe => one more, 12th ranked team from the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division] to qualify, which is Slovakia. * to be confirmed by the IHF *

>> 3 teams: ranked 1st-3rd at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Championships (scheduled for 11-17 September 2017 in Abidjan, Ivory Coast)

>> 3 teams: ranked 1st-3rd at the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships (to be held in spring 2018, planned to be played in Argentina)

[Gojira]

Russia's U18 team will have a new coach as Skorobogatov has been sacked

http://rushandball.ru/publications/23013/itogi-zasedaniya-ispolkoma-fgr-2-sentyabrya-2017-goda

[Wbk]

Update on already qualified teams, after the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship ended in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) tonight.

Egypt won second straight U17 continental title. Having back-to-back successful generations, their future inclines to look promising.
A nice Tunisian generation with the deserved silver, while Angola ends only with bronze. Moreover, ANG secured it in the narrowest possible way with one goal win over the 4th Senegal girls in their head-2-head clash



List of already qualified teams (20 out of 24):

Poland (qualified as: organiser)

Russia (qualified as: top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Germany (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Denmark (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Hungary (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Romania (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
France (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Norway (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Spain (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Sweden (top10 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Netherlands (top10 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
Montenegro (11th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])

South Korea (qualified as: winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
Japan (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
China (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
Kazakhstan (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
Uzbekistan (5th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)

Egypt (qualified as: winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)
Tunisia (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)
Angola (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)


Road for remaining (4) teams to qualify:

>> 1 team: winner of the 2017-2018 Women's Youth U17-U18 Oceania Championships. Most likely 0 teams register for this event, so it won't take place. Therefore, the spot should be given to the top ranked continent at the last Women's Youth U18 WCh (held in 2016), which is Europe => one more, 12th ranked team from the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division] to qualify, which is Slovakia. * to be confirmed by the IHF *

>> 3 teams: ranked 1st-3rd at the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships (to be held in spring 2018, planned to be played in Argentina)

[Wbk]

Road for remaining (4) teams to qualify:

>> 1 team: winner of the 2017-2018 Women's Youth U17-U18 Oceania Championships. Most likely 0 teams register for this event, so it won't take place. Therefore, the spot should be given to the top ranked continent at the last Women's Youth U18 WCh (held in 2016), which is Europe => one more, 12th ranked team from the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division] to qualify, which is Slovakia. * to be confirmed by the IHF *

>> 3 teams: ranked 1st-3rd at the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships (to be held in spring 2018, planned to be played in Argentina)

Wild card for Slovakia, as expected.
http://www.slovakhandball.sk/article/5a ... 010054ab01



List of already qualified teams (21 out of 24):

POLAND (qualified as: organiser)

RUSSIA (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
GERMANY (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
DENMARK (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
HUNGARY (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
ROMANIA (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
FRANCE (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
NORWAY (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SPAIN (top8 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SWEDEN (top10 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
NETHERLANDS (top10 team at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
MONTENEGRO (11th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SLOVAKIA (wild card obtained for 12th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])

SOUTH KOREA (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
JAPAN (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
CHINA (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
KAZAKHSTAN (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
UZBEKISTAN (5th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)

EGYPT (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)
TUNISIA (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)
ANGOLA (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)


Road for remaining (3) teams to qualify:

>> 3 teams: ranked 1st-3rd at the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships (scheduled for April 2018, venue: Buenos Aires, Argentina)

[Wbk]

Tournament's official logo...:




...and homepage:

http://handballpoland2018.pl/

[Wbk]

A late correction:

Wild card for Slovakia, as expected.
http://www.slovakhandball.sk/article/5a ... 010054ab01

According to the cited article by Slovak Handball Federation^^, Slovakia didn't obtain their wild-card thanks to the vacancy of Oceanian compulsory place, but due-to the reduction of participants from Asian continent. Why did that happen? Let's take a look into the most recent Regulations for IHF competitions. Chapter 3 about the younger age category WCh's, Article 2.3.5 says:



That means that Asia doesn't have 5 places for the upcoming 2018 U18 YWCh (3 compulsory places for continent + 1 performace place based on the results at the preceding 2016 U18 YWCh + 1 place for the second best ranked continent at the preceding 2016 U18 YWCh). Asia lost its performance one, as there were only 7 participanting teams at the 2017 Youth U17 Asian Championship instead of 8, which was necessary to keep the performance place.

Therefore, Uzbekistan is not qualified for the event and the currently known situation on the qualification should be like this:


List of already qualified teams (20 out of 24):

POLAND (qualified as: organiser)

GERMANY (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
NORWAY (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
HUNGARY (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
FRANCE (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
RUSSIA (5th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
DENMARK (6th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
ROMANIA (7th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SPAIN (8th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SWEDEN (9th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
NETHERLANDS (10th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
MONTENEGRO (11th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])

SOUTH KOREA (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
JAPAN (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
CHINA (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)
KAZAKHSTAN (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championship)

EGYPT (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)
TUNISIA (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)
ANGOLA (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championship)

SLOVAKIA (wild card obtained for 12th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])


Road for remaining (4) teams to qualify:

>> 3 teams: ranked 1st-3rd at the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championship (scheduled for April 2018, venue: Buenos Aires, Argentina)

>> 1 team: winner of the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Oceanian Championship. Most likely 0 teams register for this event, so it won't take place. Therefore, the spot should be given to the top ranked continent at the preceding Women's Youth U18 WCh (held in 2016), which is Europe => one more, 13th ranked team from the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division] has right to qualify, which is CROATIA. * to be confirmed *

[mikh]

There was a prep tournament for Youth teams in Rm. Valcea this past weekend (22-24 March). Here are the results:

Romania - Tunisia 26:24
Slovakia - Czech R. 23:28

Romania - Slovakia 25:17
Czech R. - Tunisia 27:27

Romania - Czech R. 20:18
Tunisia - Slovakia 27:25

All matches are recorded on the FRH's youtube channel. Here's a link to ROU-CZE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVfFFxHXmjs
You can find the rest from here

[Doru Delavale]

There was a prep tournament for Youth teams in Rm. Valcea this past weekend (22-24 March). Here are the results:

Romania - Tunisia 26:24
Slovakia - Czech R. 23:28

Romania - Slovakia 25:17
Czech R. - Tunisia 27:27

Romania - Czech R. 20:18
Tunisia - Slovakia 27:25

All matches are recorded on the FRH's youtube channel. Here's a link to ROU-CZE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVfFFxHXmjs
You can find the rest from here

I should like to know Carmen Amariei's lot on this tournament if you are so kind ! THX

[mikh]

Took a bit of digging, but I found it
Here's the roster (better than "lot" ) http://arenavalceana.ro/romania-va-infr ... rm-valcea/

[Doru Delavale]

The best Valcea's tournament players : goalgetter (28 goals in 3 matches) Nada Zalfani (Tunisia), defender Alzbeta Hynkova (Bohemia), MVP Denisa Valcan (Tulcea),best GK Andreea Chetraru(CSM) both from Romania
http://arenavalceana.ro/denisa-vilcan-c ... la-traian/

[mikh]

... defender Alzbeta Hynkova (Bohemia) ...

I wonder, is there a reason for which you recently started calling the Czech R. like that?

[Doru Delavale]

... defender Alzbeta Hynkova (Bohemia) ...

I wonder, is there a reason for which you recently started calling the Czech R. like that?

Romantic reason...and besides remember me about "Queens".

[Wbk]

Panamerican Youth Championships, played in Buenos Aires, is over.
No surprise at the top position, Brasil wins 12th title in the 12th edition of the tournament.
Silver for Chile means their best result ever at the continental Youth Champs.
Host Argentina "only" 3rd, last time they finished better and took silver, however, was a looong ago, in 2008.
Among other teams, it is worth mentioning the first appearance of a Peruan team in a Panamerican YAC (younger age category: Youth or Junior) event.

Updated qualification status for this year's Youth Worlds after the Panam event:


List of already qualified teams (23 out of 24):

POLAND (qualified as: organiser)

GERMANY (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
NORWAY (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
HUNGARY (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
FRANCE (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
RUSSIA (5th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
DENMARK (6th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
ROMANIA (7th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SPAIN (8th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SWEDEN (9th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
NETHERLANDS (10th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
MONTENEGRO (11th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])

SOUTH KOREA (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships)
JAPAN (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships)
CHINA (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships)
KAZAKHSTAN (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships)

EGYPT (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championships)
TUNISIA (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championships)
ANGOLA (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championships)

SLOVAKIA (wild card obtained for 12th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])

BRASIL (winner of the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships)
CHILE (runner-up of the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships)
ARGENTINA (3rd place at the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships)


Road for remaining (1) team to qualify:

>> 1 team: winner of the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Oceanian Championship. Most likely 0 teams register for this event, so it won't take place. Therefore, the spot should be given to the top ranked continent at the preceding Women's Youth U18 WCh (held in 2016), which is Europe => one more, 13th ranked team from the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division] has right to qualify, which is CROATIA. * to be confirmed *

[Wbk]

Road for remaining (1) team to qualify:

>> 1 team: winner of the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Oceanian Championship. Most likely 0 teams register for this event, so it won't take place. Therefore, the spot should be given to the top ranked continent at the preceding Women's Youth U18 WCh (held in 2016), which is Europe => one more, 13th ranked team from the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division] has right to qualify, which is CROATIA. * to be confirmed *

Croatia confirms that their team is the last participant: http://hrs.hr/2018/04/08/okupljanje-zen ... ntacije-2/


Complete list of 24 qualified teams:

POLAND (qualified as: organiser)

GERMANY (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
NORWAY (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
HUNGARY (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
FRANCE (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
RUSSIA (5th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
DENMARK (6th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
ROMANIA (7th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SPAIN (8th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
SWEDEN (9th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
NETHERLANDS (10th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])
MONTENEGRO (11th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])

SOUTH KOREA (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships)
JAPAN (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships)
CHINA (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships)
KAZAKHSTAN (4th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 Asian Championships)

EGYPT (winner of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championships)
TUNISIA (runner-up of the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championships)
ANGOLA (3rd place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 African Nations Championships)

SLOVAKIA (wild card obtained for 12th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])

BRASIL (winner of the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships)
CHILE (runner-up of the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships)
ARGENTINA (3rd place at the 2018 Women's Youth U18 Panamerican Championships)

CROATIA (wild card obtained for 13th place at the 2017 Women's Youth U17 EURO [Top division])


Preliminary groups draw:
Will be held in Basle (SUI) on 26 April 2018 at 14:00 CET. Event will be streamed live.

Source: http://www.ihf.info/en-us/mediacentre/a ... spx?ID=251

[mikh]

I was wondering, why are there 2 wildcards for this tournament. One is to replace Oceania, but the 2nd?

[Wbk]

I was wondering, why are there 2 wildcards for this tournament. One is to replace Oceania, but the 2nd?

See the earlier post^^, this one: viewtopic.php?p=170736#p170736
Slovak federation announced it exactly as a wild card, so I decided to follow their interpretation.

[Wbk]

Preliminary groups draw:
Will be held in Basle (SUI) on 26 April 2018 at 14:00 CET. Event will be streamed live.

Source: http://www.ihf.info/en-us/mediacentre/a ... spx?ID=251

Drawing pots:
Pot 1: GER / NOR / KOR / HUN
Pot 2: FRA / RUS / DEN / ROU
Pot 3: POL / ESP / CHN / EGY
Pot 4: TUN / SWE / BRA / NED
Pot 5: MNE / JPN / CHI / KAZ
Pot 6: SVK / ARG / ANG / CRO

http://handballpoland2018.pl/index.php/ ... inalowego/

[mikh]

Thank you @Wbk. Now it's clear.
I completely dislike IHF's decision and I think it's only harming handball on the long term. Decisions like this or the Australia case keep this sport form getting outside its half-of-Europe niche.

I read somewhere (I'll try to find it) that handball's place in the Olympics is in big danger starting with 2024, because of its lack of global reach. They consider the sport to be too European and don't see any attempt from the IHF to turn it into a global one. They are citing the fact that about half of the field of participants in all WCh is made up of European teams. And you can't disagree with them, frankly.

Junior and Youth competitions should be precisely the testbed for allowing other nations to cultivate this sport and give them a piece of the action. Eventually some of them will be incentivised to pick up handball. But if you close even this minor tournaments and keep it open only to a select group of nations (most of the European), then you're doomed on the long term.

[Gojira]

Thank you @Wbk. Now it's clear.
I completely dislike IHF's decision and I think it's only harming handball on the long term. Decisions like this or the Australia case keep this sport form getting outside its half-of-Europe niche.

I read somewhere (I'll try to find it) that handball's place in the Olympics is in big danger starting with 2024, because of its lack of global reach. They consider the sport to be too European and don't see any attempt from the IHF to turn it into a global one. They are citing the fact that about half of the field of participants in all WCh is made up of European teams. And you can't disagree with them, frankly.

Junior and Youth competitions should be precisely the testbed for allowing other nations to cultivate this sport and give them a piece of the action. Eventually some of them will be incentivised to pick up handball. But if you close even this minor tournaments and keep it open only to a select group of nations (most of the European), then you're doomed on the long term.

Well, you can't have everything. When there are many teams outside of Europe, then the level of the competition will drop dramatically, therefore losing spectators and ultimately advertisers.

[mikh]

Agreed. I'm not saying we should do it in the senior competitions. And certainly not asap.
But we're talking about Junior and Youth competitions. And they could be the testbed for such changes.
At least give other continents the number of teams they were supposed to have instead of inventing all these loopholes through which you bring almost all the Euro championship into the WCh.
Then in 5 or 10 years, revisit and assess the impact of such a measure and see if you could progressively roll it into the seniors.

[Gojira]

At least give other continents the number of teams they were supposed to have instead of inventing all these loopholes through which you bring almost all the Euro championship into the WCh.

You are absolutely right here. IHF should stick to their own rules.

However, I don't know a few 20 or 30 goals defeats would be inspirational for teams on the receiving end. They should be prepared better before going to a WCh.

[mikh]

It's a feedback loop. Interest produces performance and the other way around.
But they have to start somewhere. And IHF should be more instrumental in supporting development across the world.

How many new good teams have appeared compared to 20 years ago? What about 40? Brazil, Angola and Japan in women.
Worse, the sport lost traction in places where at some point seemed to have a chance: China, Ivory Coast (couple of good WCh performances) or USA (who used to have decent teams, regularly going into the WCh and OG). Youth handball is about development. What is IHF doing to help pull up a couple of other teams, access some interesting markets (USA, Canada, Australia, China) and in the end develop this sport more?

[Gojira]

It's a feedback loop. Interest produces performance and the other way around.
But they have to start somewhere. And IHF should be more instrumental in supporting development across the world.

How many new good teams have appeared compared to 20 years ago? What about 40? Brazil, Angola and Japan in women.
Worse, the sport lost traction in places where at some point seemed to have a chance: China, Ivory Coast (couple of good WCh performances) or USA (who used to have decent teams, regularly going into the WCh and OG). Youth handball is about development. What is IHF doing to help pull up a couple of other teams, access some interesting markets (USA, Canada, Australia, China) and in the end develop this sport more?

They surely must do more. But it also depends on the given country - do they really want to play handball? And I'm not too sure about it.

[meteo]

Preliminary groups draw:
Will be held in Basle (SUI) on 26 April 2018 at 14:00 CET. Event will be streamed live.

Source: http://www.ihf.info/en-us/mediacentre/a ... spx?ID=251

Drawing pots:
Pot 1: GER / NOR / KOR / HUN
Pot 2: FRA / RUS / DEN / ROU
Pot 3: POL / ESP / CHN / EGY
Pot 4: TUN / SWE / BRA / NED
Pot 5: MNE / JPN / CHI / KAZ
Pot 6: SVK / ARG / ANG / CRO

http://handballpoland2018.pl/index.php/ ... inalowego/

The pots were published wrong... China was in 4, Netherlands in 5, Montenegro in 6... and Japan in 3.

Pot 1: GER / NOR / KOR / HUN
Pot 2: FRA / RUS / DEN / ROU
Pot 3: POL / ESP / JPN / EGY
Pot 4: TUN / SWE / BRA / CHN
Pot 5: NED / ANG / CHI / KAZ
Pot 6: SVK / ARG / MNE / CRO

A: GER, ROU, POL, BRA, ANG, SVK
B: HUN, DEN, EGY SWE, CHI, CRO
C: NOR, RUS, JPN, CHN, NED, ARG
D: KOR, FRA, ESP, TUN, KAZ, MNE